Publications
2024
Neck Range of Motion Prognostic Factors in Association to Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in Professional Baseball Pitchers, Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Bullock GS, Thigpen CA, Zhao H, Devaney L, Kline D, Noonan TJ, Kissenberth MJ, Shanley E, Neck Range of Motion Prognostic Factors in Association to Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in…
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FITT Odyssey: A Scoping Review of Exercise Programs for Managing Rotator Cuff Related Shoulder Pain
Dubé MO, Lafrance S, Charron M, Mekouar M, Desmeules F, McCreesh K, Michener LA, Grimes J, Shanley E, Roy JS. FITT Odyssey: A Scoping Review of Exercise Programs for Managing…
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Measure What Matters: Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score As the Critical Measure for Shoulder Outcomes
Hawkins RJ, Boes N, Thigpen CA, Shanley E, Pill SG, Kissenberth MJ. Measure What Matters: Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score As the Critical Measure for Shoulder Outcomes. J Shoulder…
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ICD-10 diagnosis codes in electronic health records do not adequately capture fracture complexity for proximal humerus fractures
Floyd SB, Walker JT, Smith JT, Jones PE, Boes N, Lindros S, Carroll M, Brooks JM, Thigpen CA, Pill SG, Kissenberth MJ. ICD-10 diagnosis codes in electronic health records do…
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2023
Patient attitudes and beliefs associated with self-referral to physical therapy for musculoskeletal complaints: a qualitative study
Alshareef N, Cozad M, Macauda M, Ostermann J, Thigpen C. Patient attitudes and beliefs associated with self-referral to physical therapy for musculoskeletal complaints: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res.…
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Uses of Health Care System Medical Care Services by Athletes After Injury at the High School Level
Bullock GS, Mobley JF, Brooks JM, Rauh MJ, Gil Gilliland R, Kissenberth MJ, Shanley E. Uses of Health Care System Medical Care Services by Athletes After Injury at the High School…
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Personalized Injury Reduction Strategies in Sports Medicine: Lessons Learned from Advances in Breast Cancer Treatment: A Clinical Commentary
Bullock G, Collins G, Adams R, Thigpen C, Shanley E. Personalized Injury Reduction Strategies in Sports Medicine: Lessons Learned from Advances in Breast Cancer Treatment: A Clinical Commentary. Int J…
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Upper Quarter Injury Rates and Risk in United States High School Athletes Prior To and During the Prolonged Sport Stoppage
Bullock G, Thigpen C, Prats-Uribe A, Gilliand RG, Shanley E. Upper Quarter Injury Rates and Risk in United States High School Athletes Prior To and During the Prolonged Sport Stoppage.…
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Elbow Injuries Among MLB Pitchers Increased During Covid-19 Disrupted Season, But Not Other Baseball Injuries
Martin C, Palasiewicz J, Grullon J, Shanley E, Thigpen C, Kline D, Kluzek S, Collins G, Bullock G. Elbow Injuries Among MLB Pitchers Increased During Covid-19 Disrupted Season, But Not…
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Organizational risk profiling and education associated with reduction in professional pitching arm injuries: a natural experiment
Bullock GS, Thigpen CA, Collins GS, Arden NK, Noonan TJ, Kissenberth MJ, Wyland DJ, Shanley E. Organizational risk profiling and education associated with reduction in professional pitching arm injuries: a…
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Higher rates of concussion following COVID-19 infection in high school athletes
Bullock GS, Emery CA, Nelson VR, Prats-Uribe A, Gilliland RG, Thigpen CA, Shanley E. Higher rates of concussion following COVID-19 infection in high school athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2023…
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Improving Clinical Utility of Real-World Prediction Models: Updating Through Recalibration
Bullock GS, Shanley E, Thigpen CA, Arden NK, Noonan TK, Kissenberth MJ, Wyland DJ, Collins GS. Improving Clinical Utility of Real-World Prediction Models: Updating Through Recalibration. J Strength Cond Res.…
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Using Randomized Controlled Trials in the Sports Medicine and Performance Environment: Is It Time to Reconsider and Think Outside the Methodological Box
Bullock GS, Ward P, Hughes T, Thigpen CA, Cook CE, Shanley E. Using Randomized Controlled Trials in the Sports Medicine and Performance Environment: Is It Time to Reconsider and Think…
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Unanticipated costs associated with interscalene nerve catheters for shoulder surgery
Jones PE, Kissenberth MJ, Brooks JM, Thigpen CA, Shanley E, Pill SG. Unanticipated costs associated with interscalene nerve catheters for shoulder surgery. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2023 Jun;32(6S):S118-S122. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.02.010.
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Arm injury in youth baseball players: a 10-year cohort study
Shanley E, Thigpen CA, Boes N, Bailey L, Arnold A, Bullock G, Kissenberth MJ. Arm injury in youth baseball players: a 10-year cohort study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2023 Jun;32(6S):S106-S111.…
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Corticosteroid injection prior to surgery had no effect on 2-year outcomes following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair
Smith JT, Pill SG, Eggert KA, Brignull CG, Adams KJ, Wyland DJ, Tolan SJ, Thigpen CA, Kissenberth MJ. Corticosteroid injection prior to surgery had no effect on 2-year outcomes following…
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2022
Hazard of Arm Injury in Professional Starting and Relief Pitchers
Bullock GS, Thigpen CA, Collins GS, Arden NK, Noonan TK, Kissenberth MJ, Shanley E. Hazard of Arm Injury in Professional Starting and Relief Pitchers. J Athl Train. 2022 Jan 1;57(1):65-71.…
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Normalized Isometric Shoulder Strength as a Predictor of Ball Velocity in Youth Baseball Players. Int J Sports Phys Ther
Arnold AJ, Thigpen CA, Beattie PF, Fritz SL, Kissenberth MJ, Tokish JM, Shanley E. Normalized Isometric Shoulder Strength as a Predictor of Ball Velocity in Youth Baseball Players. Int J…
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The Intergluteal Fat Stripe in Patients With Hip Abductor Tears
Beicker CR, Hudspeth LJ, Shanley E, Tokish JM, Folk J. The Intergluteal Fat Stripe in Patients With Hip Abductor Tears. Orthop J Sports Med. 2022 Feb 7;10(2):23259671211068030. doi: 10.1177/23259671211068030. PMID:…
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Machine Learning Does Not Improve Humeral Torsion Prediction Compared to Regression in Baseball Pitchers
Bullock GS, Thigpen CA, Collins GS, Arden NK, Noonan TK, Kissenberth MJ, Shanley E. Machine Learning Does Not Improve Humeral Torsion Prediction Compared to Regression in Baseball Pitchers. Int J…
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The clinical impact of pain neuroscience continuing education on physical therapy outcomes for patients with low back and neck pain
Louw A, Puentedura EJ, Denninger TR, Lutz AD, Cox T, Zimney K, Landers MR. The clinical impact of pain neuroscience continuing education on physical therapy outcomes for patients with low…
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Lack of standardization in dry needling dosage and adverse event documentation limits outcome and safety reports: a scoping review of randomized clinical trials
Kearns GA, Brismée JM, Riley SP, Wang-Price S, Denninger T, Vugrin M. Lack of standardization in dry needling dosage and adverse event documentation limits outcome and safety reports: a scoping…
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A comparison of treatment signatures of high and low performing physical therapists for patients with lower back pain: analysis of spine care from a physical therapy outcomes registry
Lutz AD, Windsor BA, Shanley E, Denninger TR, Harrington SE, Thigpen CA. A comparison of treatment signatures of high and low performing physical therapists for patients with lower back pain:…
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Mental health status, not resilience, influences functional recovery after arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs
Hines AC, Pill SG, Boes N, Reuschel B, Lutz A, Thigpen CA, Shanley E, Kissenberth MJ. Mental health status, not resilience, influences functional recovery after arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs. J…
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Single shot interscalene regional anesthesia provides noninferior analgesia and decreased complications compared with an indwelling catheter for arthroscopic and reconstructive shoulder surgery
Teske LG, Pill SG, Lutz A, Thigpen CA, Shanley E, Adams KJ, Bohon H, Graham GD, Marston G, Walker KB, Kissenberth MJ. Single shot interscalene regional anesthesia provides noninferior analgesia…
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Factors related to initial treatment for adhesive capsulitis in the medicare population
Floyd SB, Sarasua SM, Pill SG, Shanley E, Brooks JM. Factors related to initial treatment for adhesive capsulitis in the medicare population. BMC Geriatr. 2022 Jun 30;22(1):548. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03230-0. PMID:…
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Increased stiffness and reoperation rate in partial rotator cuff repairs treated with a bovine patch: a propensity-matched trial
Yeazell S, Lutz A, Bohon H, Shanley E, Thigpen CA, Kissenberth MJ, Pill SG. Increased stiffness and reoperation rate in partial rotator cuff repairs treated with a bovine patch: a…
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Assessing the ability of an instrumental variable causal forest algorithm to personalize treatment evidence using observational data: the case of early surgery for shoulder fracture
Brooks JM, Chapman CG, Floyd SB, Chen BK, Thigpen CA, Kissenberth M. Assessing the ability of an instrumental variable causal forest algorithm to personalize treatment evidence using observational data: the case…
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Development of reference charts for monitoring quadriceps strength with handheld dynamometry after total knee arthroplasty
Graber J, Juarez-Colunga E, Thigpen C, Waugh D, Bade M, Stevens-Lapsley J, Kittelson A. Development of reference charts for monitoring quadriceps strength with handheld dynamometry after total knee arthroplasty. Disabil…
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Subsequent Musculoskeletal Injury Incidence Are Similar Between General Infection and COVID-19 Among High School Athletes in the Unites States Despite Higher Illness Incidence During Academic Years 2019-2020 and 2020-2021
Shanley E, Thigpen CA, Prats-Uribe A, Norhen T, Staley T, Bullock GS. Subsequent Musculoskeletal Injury Incidence Are Similar Between General Infection and COVID-19 Among High School Athletes in the Unites…
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Initial kinematic chain injuries increase hazard of subsequent arm injuries in professional baseball pitchers
Bullock GS, Thigpen CA, Noonan TK, Kissenberth MJ, Shanley E. Initial kinematic chain injuries increase hazard of subsequent arm injuries in professional baseball pitchers. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2022 Sep;31(9):1773-1781.…
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Including Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Factors Improves Injury Risk Assessment in Professional Baseball Pitchers
Shanley E, Thigpen CA, Collins GS, Arden NK, Noonan TJ, Wyland DJ, Kissenberth MJ, Bullock GS. Including Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Factors Improves Injury Risk Assessment in Professional Baseball Pitchers. J…
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The Impact of Statewide Limitations of Practice on High School Injury Incidence During the COVID-19 Season: An Ecological Study
Bullock G, Prats-Uribe A, Thigpen CA, Boyer L, Varnado K, Pequette J, Shanley E. The Impact of Statewide Limitations of Practice on High School Injury Incidence During the COVID-19 Season:…
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Development of an Injury Burden Prediction Model in Professional Baseball Pitchers
Bullock G, Thigpen C, Collins G, Arden N, Noonan T, Kissenberth M, Shanley E. Development of an Injury Burden Prediction Model in Professional Baseball Pitchers. Int J Sports Phys Ther.…
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Influence of High School Socioeconomic Status on Athlete Injuries during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Ecological Study
Bullock G, Prats-Uribe A, Thigpen C, Martin H, Loper B, Shanley E. Influence of High School Socioeconomic Status on Athlete Injuries during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Ecological Study. Int J…
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Shoulder Range of Motion Measurements and Baseball Elbow Injuries: Ambiguity in Scientific Models, Approach, and Execution is Hurting Overhead Athlete Health
Bullock GS, Thigpen CA, Martin CL, Losciale J, Michener L, Whiteley R, Waterman BR, Tokish JM, Camp C, Shanley E. Shoulder Range of Motion Measurements and Baseball Elbow Injuries: Ambiguity…
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2021
Does Functional Bracing of the Unstable Shoulder Improve Return to Play in Scholastic Athletes? Returning the Unstable Shoulder to Play
Kwapisz A, Shanley E, Momaya AM, Young C, Kissenberth MJ, Tolan SJ, Lonergan KT, Wyland DJ, Hawkins RJ, Pill SG, Tokish JM. Does Functional Bracing of the Unstable Shoulder Improve…
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Both open and endoscopic gluteal tendon repairs lead to functional improvement with similar failure rates: a systematic review
Longstaffe R, Dickerson P, Thigpen CA, Shanley E, Kissenberth MJ, Folk J, Pill SG. Both open and endoscopic gluteal tendon repairs lead to functional improvement with similar failure rates: a…
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Heads Up Football Training Decreases Concussion Rates in High School Football Players
Shanley E, Thigpen C, Kissenberth M, Gilliland RG, Thorpe J, Nance D, Register-Mihalik JK, Tokish J. Heads Up Football Training Decreases Concussion Rates in High School Football Players. Clin J…
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Providing value-based care as a physiotherapist
Cook CE, Denninger T, Lewis J, Diener I, Thigpen C. Providing value-based care as a physiotherapist. Arch Physiother. 2021 Apr 20;11(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s40945-021-00107-0. PMID: 33875003; PMCID: PMC8056623.
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Prevalence and predictors of no-shows to physical therapy for musculoskeletal conditions
Bhavsar NA, Doerfler SM, Giczewska A, Alhanti B, Lutz A, Thigpen CA, George SZ. Prevalence and predictors of no-shows to physical therapy for musculoskeletal conditions. PLoS One. 2021 May 28;16(5):e0251336.…
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Persistent joint pain and arm function in former baseball players
Bullock GS, Nicholson KF, Waterman BR, Niesen E, Salamh P, Thigpen CA, Shanley E, Devaney LL, Tokish JM, Collins GS, Arden NK, Filbay SR. Persistent joint pain and arm function…
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Factors influencing time to return to sport following clavicular fractures in adolescent athletes.
Ahearn BM, Shanley E, Thigpen CA, Pill SG, Kissenberth MJ. Factors influencing time to return to sport following clavicular fractures in adolescent athletes. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2021 Jul;30(7S):S140-S144. doi:…
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Overuse Injury, Substance Use, and Resilience in Collegiate Female Athlete
Martin CL, Shanley E, Harnish C, Knab AM, Christopher S, Vallabhajosula S, Bullock GS. Overuse Injury, Substance Use, and Resilience in Collegiate Female Athlete. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2021…
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Athletes diagnosed with anterior and posterior shoulder instability display different chief complaints and disability
Teske LG, Arvesen J, Kissenberth MJ, Pill SG, Lutz A, Adams KJ, Thigpen CA, Tokish JM, Momaya A, Shanley E. Athletes diagnosed with anterior and posterior shoulder instability display different…
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Predicting Recurrent Care Seeking of Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions
George SZ, Giczewska A, Alhanti B, Lutz AD, Shanley E, Thigpen CA, Bhavsar NA. Predicting Recurrent Care Seeking of Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions. Pain Med. 2021 Aug 6;22(8):1837-1849.…
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Health Conditions, Substance Use, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life in Current and Former Baseball Players.
Bullock GS, Nicholson KF, Waterman BR, Niesen E, Salamh P, Thigpen CA, Shanley E, Devaney L, Collins GS, Arden NK, Filbay SR. Health Conditions, Substance Use, Physical Activity, and Quality…
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Development and internal validation of a humeral torsion prediction model in professional baseball pitchers
Bullock GS, Shanley E, Collins GS, Arden NK, Noonan TK, Kissenberth MJ, Wyland DJ, Arnold A, Bailey LB, Thigpen CA. Development and internal validation of a humeral torsion prediction model…
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Development and internal validation of a humeral torsion prediction model in professional baseball pitchers
Bullock GS, Shanley E, Collins GS, Arden NK, Noonan TK, Kissenberth MJ, Wyland DJ, Arnold A, Bailey LB, Thigpen CA. Development and internal validation of a humeral torsion prediction model…
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Reliability of an Observational Biomechanical Analysis Tool in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers. Int J Sports Phys Ther
DeFroda SF, Sugimoto D, Staffa SJ, Bae DS, Shanley E, Thigpen CA, Kriz PK. Reliability of an Observational Biomechanical Analysis Tool in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers. Int J Sports Phys Ther.…
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2020
Association of Surgical Treatment With Adverse Events and Mortality Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Proximal Humerus Fracture
Floyd SB, Thigpen C, Kissenberth M, Brooks JM. Association of Surgical Treatment With Adverse Events and Mortality Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Proximal Humerus Fracture. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Jan 3;3(1):e1918663.…
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Comparison of core neuromuscular control and lower extremity postural stability in athletes with and without shoulder injuries
Pontillo M, Butowicz CM, Ebaugh D, Thigpen CA, Sennett B, Silfies SP. Comparison of core neuromuscular control and lower extremity postural stability in athletes with and without shoulder injuries. Clin…
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Do older adults with shoulder disorders who meet the minimal clinically important difference also present low disability at discharge? An observational study
Garcia AN, Thigpen CA, Lake AD, Martinez C, Myers H, Cook C. Do older adults with shoulder disorders who meet the minimal clinically important difference also present low disability at…
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The Relationship Between Humeral Torsion and Arm Injury in Baseball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Helmkamp JK, Bullock GS, Rao A, Shanley E, Thigpen C, Garrigues GE. The Relationship Between Humeral Torsion and Arm Injury in Baseball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Health.…
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Risk Adjustment of the Modified Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire and Neck Disability Index to Benchmark Physical Therapist Performance: Analysis From an Outcomes Registry
Lutz AD, Brooks JM, Chapman CG, Shanley E, Stout CE, Thigpen CA. Risk Adjustment of the Modified Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire and Neck Disability Index to Benchmark Physical Therapist…
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Preseason Neck Mobility Is Associated With Throwing-Related Shoulder and Elbow Injuries, Pain, and Disability in College Baseball Pitchers
Devaney LL, Denegar CR, Thigpen CA, Lepley AS, Edgar C, DiStefano LJ. Preseason Neck Mobility Is Associated With Throwing-Related Shoulder and Elbow Injuries, Pain, and Disability in College Baseball Pitchers.…
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Is residual tendon a predictor of outcome following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair? A preliminary outlook at short-term follow-up
Longstaffe R, Adams K, Thigpen C, Pill S, Rush L, Alexander R, Hall TM, Siffri P, Kwapisz A, Hawkins R, Tokish JM, Kissenberth M, Tolan S. Is residual tendon a…
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Increased opioid use following rotator cuff repair associated with prior opioid use and surgeon prescription patterns
Chapman CG, Hudspeth J, Floyd SB, Carnahan R, Thigpen CA, Kissenberth MJ. Increased opioid use following rotator cuff repair associated with prior opioid use and surgeon prescription patterns. J Shoulder…
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Systematic review of reversing pseudoparalysis of the shoulder due to massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears
Dickerson P, Pill SG, Longstaffe R, Shanley E, Thigpen CA, Kissenberth MJ. Systematic review of reversing pseudoparalysis of the shoulder due to massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow…
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Systematic review of the treatment of acromioclavicular joint disruption comparing number of tunnels and graft type
Pill SG, Rush L, Arvesen J, Shanley E, Thigpen CA, Glomset JL, Longstaffe R, Kissenberth MJ. Systematic review of the treatment of acromioclavicular joint disruption comparing number of tunnels and…
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Preseason shoulder range of motion screening and in-season risk of shoulder and elbow injuries in overhead athletes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Pozzi F, Plummer HA, Shanley E, Thigpen CA, Bauer C, Wilson ML, Michener LA. Preseason shoulder range of motion screening and in-season risk of shoulder and elbow injuries in overhead…
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The Nonoperative Instability Severity Index Score (NISIS): A Simple Tool to Guide Operative Versus Nonoperative Treatment of the Unstable Shoulder
Tokish JM, Thigpen CA, Kissenberth MJ, Tolan SJ, Lonergan KT, Tokish JM Jr, Dickens JF, Hawkins RJ, Shanley E. The Nonoperative Instability Severity Index Score (NISIS): A Simple Tool to…
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Infraspinatus or teres minor fatty infiltration does not influence patient outcomes after reverse shoulder arthroplasty with a lateralized glenoid
Kwapisz A, Rogers JP, Thigpen CA, Shanley E, Newton E, Adams KJ, Alexander R, Hawkins RJ, Kissenberth MJ, Tokish JM, Pill SG. Infraspinatus or teres minor fatty infiltration does not…
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2019
Geographic variation in the treatment of proximal humerus fracture: an update on surgery rates and treatment consensus
Floyd SB, Campbell J, Chapman CG, Thigpen CA, Kissenberth MJ, Brooks JM. Geographic variation in the treatment of proximal humerus fracture: an update on surgery rates and treatment consensus. J…
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Athletic Trainers’ Effect on Population Health: Improving Access to and Quality of Care
Shanley E, Thigpen CA, Chapman CG, Thorpe J, Gilliland RG, Sease WF. Athletic Trainers' Effect on Population Health: Improving Access to and Quality of Care. J Athl Train. 2019 Feb;54(2):124-132.…
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The influence of radiographic markers of biomechanical variables on outcomes in reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Roberson TA, Shanley E, Abildgaard JT, Granade CM, Adams KJ, Griscom JT, Hunt Q, Nix Q, Kissenberth MJ, Tolan SJ, Hawkins RJ, Tokish JM. The influence of radiographic markers of…
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Return to Sport as an Outcome Measure for Shoulder Instability: Surprising Findings in Nonoperative Management in a High School Athlete Population
Shanley E, Thigpen C, Brooks J, Hawkins RJ, Momaya A, Kwapisz A, Kissenberth MJ, Tokish JM. Return to Sport as an Outcome Measure for Shoulder Instability: Surprising Findings in Nonoperative…
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Five good reasons to be disappointed with randomized trials
Cook CE, Thigpen CA. Five good reasons to be disappointed with randomized trials. J Man Manip Ther. 2019 May;27(2):63-65. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2019.1589697.
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Effectiveness of Physical Therapy Combined With Epidural Steroid Injection for Individuals With Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Randomized Parallel-Group Trial
Hammerich A, Whitman J, Mintken P, Denninger T, Akuthota V, Sawyer EE, Hofmann M, Childs JD, Cleland J. Effectiveness of Physical Therapy Combined With Epidural Steroid Injection for Individuals With…
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Physical Therapy Management of Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain and Hip Abductor Weakness
Peterson S, Denninger T. Physical Therapy Management of Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain and Hip Abductor Weakness. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2019 Jul/Sep;42(3):196-206. doi: 10.1519/JPT.0000000000000148. PMID: 28914719.
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Short-term Response to Treatment Targeting the Thoracolumbar Junction in Patients With Hip Pain: A Case Series
Meadows J, Denninger T, Peterson S, Milligan L, Zapanta J. Short-term Response to Treatment Targeting the Thoracolumbar Junction in Patients With Hip Pain: A Case Series. J Orthop Sports Phys…
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Concurrent validity of the single assessment numerical evaluation and patient-reported functional measures in patients with musculoskeletal disorders: An observational study.
Arnold AJ, Thigpen CA, Beattie PF, Kissenberth MJ, Tokish JM, Shanley E. Sport Specialization and Increased Injury Frequency in Youth Baseball Players: A Prospective Study. J Athl Train. 2019 Oct;54(10):1115-1122.…
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Characteristics of young and lower functioning patients following total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective study.
Christensen JC, Kittelson AJ, Loyd BJ, Himawan MA, Thigpen CA, Stevens-Lapsley JE. Characteristics of young and lower functioning patients following total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019…
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Explanatory multivariate modeling for disability, pain, and claims in patients with spine pain via a physical therapy direct access model of care.
Green CE, Pastore A, Cronley L, Walker MD, Thigpen CA, Cook CE, Givens DL. Explanatory multivariate modeling for disability, pain, and claims in patients with spine pain via a physical…
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